it is given in a court of devotees gods punishment

देवी और देवताओं की जन्मस्थली भारत में सदियों से कई प्रथाएं और परंपराए रही हैं। अपनी हर समस्या के निदान के लिए धर्म के प्रति आस्था रखने वाले लोग देवताओं के मंदिरों में नतमस्तक होनेआते हैं।

मान्यता है कि बस्तर के लोग जनअपेक्षाओं की कसौटी पर खरे नहीं उतरने वाले देवताओं को दंडित करने का जज्बा रखते हैं। यह दंड आर्थिक जुर्माने, अस्थायी निलंबन या फिर हमेशा के लिए देवलोकसे देवी-देवताओं की विदाई के रूप में होता है और फैसला लेती है 'जनता की अदालत'।

छत्तीसगढ़ के स्तर जिले के केशकाल कस्बे में हर साल भादों जात्रा उत्सव बड़े धूमधाम से मनाया जाता है। यहां की भंगाराम देवी 9 परगना के 55 राजस्व ग्रामों में रहने वाले लोगों और देवी-देवता का दर्जा प्राप्त मानवों की आराध्य देवी हैं।

इस वर्ष भादो जात्रा माह उत्सव 31 अगस्त को केशकाल में आयोजित हुआ था। भादो जात्रा में सांप्रदायिकता की मिसाल भी मिलती है। भंगाराम देवी के मंदिर के समीप डॉक्टर खान को देवता का दर्जा प्राप्त है। उन पर पूरे 9 परगना के लोगों को बीमारियों से बचाए रखने की जिम्मेदारी है।

कहते हैं कि वर्षो पहले क्षेत्र में कोई डाक्टर खान थे, जो बीमारों का इलाज पूरे सेवाभाव और नि:स्वार्थ रूप से किया करते थे। उनके न रहने पर उनकी सेवा भावना के कारण उन्हें यहां की जनता ने देव रूप में स्वीकार कर लिया और उनकी पूजा की जाने लगी।

जहां अन्य देवताओं को भेंट स्वरूप बलि दी जाती है, वहीं डाक्टर खान देव को अंडा और नींबू अर्पित किया जाता है। बस्तर का आदिवासी समाज जागरूक है। वह आंख मूंदकर अपने पूजित देवी-देवताओं पर विश्वास करने के बजाय ठोंक बजाकर उन्हें जांचता-परखता है।

अकर्मण्य और गैरजिम्मेदार देवी-देवताओं को सफाई पेश करने का मौका देकर जनअदालत में उन्हें सजा भी सुनाता है। सजा देने वाले होते हैं भगवान के भक्त। यह स्थिति तब निर्मित होती है, जब इलाके का जनमानस किसी भी वजह से दुखी और पीड़ित होता है।

भक्तों की जन अदालत में देवताओं के खिलाफ लिए गए फैसलों पर प्रतिकूल असर पड़ सकता है। पूजित देवताओं के प्रति समर्पित भक्त का यदि अहित हो तो यह भक्त का अधिकार है कि वह अपने आराध्य को कटघरे में खड़ा करे।

शास्त्रों के अनुसार, भगवान भक्त के अधीन होते हैं। इसी के अनुरूप आदिम प्रजाति में इस परंपरा का प्रादुर्भाव हुआ होगा।

बाहरी दुनिया की सभ्य संस्कृति के लोग भले ही ऐसा न कर सकें, लेकिन बस्तर के जनजातीय समुदाय के लोग जैसे पूरे देश में विरले ही होंगे, जो भगवान को भी जनअदालत के कटघरे में खड़ा कर उन्हें सजा भी सुनाते हों।

भादो के आखिरी शनिवार को हर साल केशकाल में लगने वाली जनअदालत में जिन देवी-देवताओं को सजा सुनाई जाती है, उनकी वापसी का भी प्रावधान है, लेकिन उनके चरण तभी पखारे जा सकते हैं।

जब वे अपनी गलतियों को सुधारते हुए भविष्य में लोककल्याण के कार्यों को प्राथमिकता से करने का वचन देते हैं।

सजा पाए देवी-देवता संबंधित पुजारी को स्वप्न में वचन देते हैं। कि वह उनके सभी कार्यों को पूरा कर देंगे।

Source: Spiritual News in Hindi & Rashifal 2014

G20 vow to rev up global GDP by 2pc; address India's concerns

World's top 20 nations on Sunday pledged to boost global growth by 2 per cent, or over $2 trillion, over five years, and agreed to work on automatic tax information flow and IMF reforms -- meeting key demands of India.

The communique, issued after the G20 finance ministers and central bank governors meet, also took into account concerns of emerging economies, like India, about the impact of US stimulus withdrawal by asking central banks to calibrate and clearly communicate monetary policies.

"We will develop ambitious but realistic policies with the aim to lift our collective GDP by more than 2 per cent above the trajectory implied by current policies over the coming 5 years. This is over $2 trillion more in real terms and will lead to significant additional jobs," it said.

A satisfied Finance Minister P Chidambaram later said: "The communique has been drawn by the deputies sitting together and I think our concerns have been fully reflected in the communique".

The G20 ministerial joint statement committed a global response to Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) based on sound tax policy principles.

"We endorse the Common Reporting Standard for automatic exchange of tax information on a reciprocal basis and will work with all relevant parties...," it said.

The G20 also expressed hope that it will implement the automatic tax exchange information among themselves by 2015.

Facing challenges to get trans-border details on tax issues, India has been pressing for smooth exchange of financial information.

The G20 also expressed "deep regret" over delay in IMF quota reforms implementation as the US is yet to ratify it.

"Our highest priority remains ratifying the 2010 reforms, and we urge the US to do so before our next meeting in April," the two-page communique said.

Quota reforms, which were to be implemented by January 2014, will increase the say of emerging economies in IMF.

On monetary policies, the communique said they need to remain accommodative in many advanced economies, and should normalise in due course, with the timing being conditional on the outlook for price stability and economic growth.

"All our central banks maintain their commitment that monetary policy settings will continue to be carefully calibrated and clearly communicated, in the context of ongoing exchange of information and being mindful of impacts on the global economy," it said.

In an interview to The Australian Financial Review, Reserve Bank of India Governor Raghuram Rajan said New Delhi is well placed to weather financial crisis and argued that the central banks of developed nations must also keep in mind emerging nations while framing monetary policies.

"I don't think we can proceed forward saying everybody is in their own boat and they sink or swim alone," he said in reference to the need for advanced nations, like the US, to take heed of countries vulnerable to the stimulus withdrawal.

The communique further said that G20 want to promote resilience in the financial system and greater certainty in the regulatory environment to support confidence and growth.

"There is no room for complacency ... We will take concrete actions across the G20, including to increase investment, lift employment and participation, enhance trade and promote competition, in addition to macroeconomic policies," it said.

As per IMF's estimates, global growth is projected at about 3.7 per cent in 2014 and at 3.9 per cent in 2015.

Meanwhile, IMF Chief Christine Lagarde said the global growth agenda set by G20 is laudable and attainable.

Treasurer of G20 host Australia Joe Hockey in his comment said: "We know reform is hard. We have to earn economic growth and new jobs... It will take concrete actions across the G20 to boost investment, trade, competition and employment opportunities, as well as getting our macroeconomic fundamentals right".

Source: News in Hindi

From BT News

Sebi relies on Sahara order to nail fraudsters

Sebi may still be fighting a legal battle to make Sahara pay over Rs 20,000 crore for refund to investors , but the regulator has cited Supreme Court order in this high-profile case to bring to book operators of at least five illicit money-pooling schemes.

Citing the apex court order in Sahara case, Sebi has passed orders against at least five companies and 21 individuals charged with collecting thousands of crores fraudulently through issuance of bond instruments like OFCDs, RPSs, CPSs and art funds.

Through an order passed on August 31, 2012, the Supreme Court had asked two Sahara group firms to refund more than Rs 24,000 crore collected through issuance of certain bonds to about three crore investors.

The companies were asked to deposit the money with Sebi, which was mandated to make further refunds to eligible investors. Claiming to have already refunded more than Rs 20,000 crore directly to investors in cash, Sahara later deposited Rs 5,120 crore with Sebi and has been accusing the regulator of not doing anything to make the refunds.

Sebi has filed a contempt petition against Sahara and its top officials. The Supreme Court has asked top executives of two Sahara firms to be present in the court during next hearing on February 26.

While this case continues to be fought in courts, the Sahara order by the Supreme Court continues to be cited by Sebi in its orders against entities raising funds through instruments like OFCDs (Optionally Fully Convertible Debentures), Redeemable Preference Shares (RPSs), Convertible Preference Shares (CPSs) and many more.

One of the latest order is in case of money raised by Vibgyor Allied Infrastructure Ltd (VAIL), wherein Sebi has clamped down on the company and three individuals for raising money through issuance of OFCDs in violation of norms.

Sebi began looking in this case way back in 2010 and, interestingly, the company had one once "agreed and undertook that it shall abide by the decision of the Supreme Court in the matter of issuance of OFCDs by Sahara India Real Estate Corporation Limited and Sahara Housing Investment Corporation Limited wherein the above issues of law were pending for determination by Hon'ble Supreme Court at that time".

However, at a later stage of investigation the company said that the "case is different from that of OFCD issuances by Sahara group companies as Sahara issued OFCDs to very large number of persons without any clear relationship with the issuer whereas VAIL issued its OFCDs to an identified group of persons who were members of the Vibgyor Institute of Studies, a society under the Vibgyor Group."

Finally, Sebi in its order observed that Supreme Court judgement in Sahara case settled all controversies with regard to questions such as whether an offer is public or private, whether Sebi had jurisdiction on issuance of securities including OFCDs to 50 persons or more, etc.

Sebi also said that Vibgyor had initially "agreed and undertaken that they shall abide by the decision of the Supreme Court in the above mentioned Sahara case", but they changed their stand after controversies were set at rest by the apex court through its order dated August 31, 2012.

In a different order recently passed by Sebi against Prayag Infotech Hi-Rise and 4 individuals for raising funds through certain RPSs, the Sahara order again found a mention.

While arguing its case before Sebi, this company contended that "the provisions related to deemed public issues were not known and the same came to light only after the judgement of the Supreme Court in the matter of Saharas".

Sebi, however, observed that the "intent and purpose" of these provisions were always the same and "the position of law of those provisions were reiterated by the Supreme Court in the said judgement".

In most of these cases, the companies have argued that such securities were not issued to the public at large and were limited to a limited group of people on private placement basis and therefore should not be considered public offer.

However, the regulations term any issuance of securities to 50 or more persons as a public offer and therefore any such offering needs approval from the Sebi.

In its order in the case of Alchemist Holding Ltd raising funds through certain RPSs also, Sebi said that the Sahara order established that the "burden of proof" is entirely on the company to show that the offer of securities was a private placement.

In a different order passed against Osian's for raising money as certain art fund investments, Sebi cited the Supreme Copurt's Sahara order to establish that the company raised an amount of Rs 102.40 crore from 656 investors and therefore "it is not a private placement".

Sebi said that the apex court judgement of August 31, 2012 held "that an offer to fifty or more persons becomes public issue by virtue of ... (relevant section).. of the Companies Act.

The regulator further said that the Supreme Court also held that the situations that would not be generally regarded as an offer made to public would include -- "offer of securities made to less than 50 persons, offer made only to the existing shareholders of the company (right issue), offer made to a particular addressee and be accepted only persons to whom it is addressed, offer or invitation being made and it is the domestic concern of those making and receiving the offer".

Sahara order was also referred by Sebi as a benchmark for cases of unauthorised raising of money from public when it clamped down on seven persons and one company for their involvement in the famous 'StockGuru' fraud.

Passing the order in that case, Sebi said that the Supreme Court order in Sahara case has "held that an offer to fifty or more persons becomes public issue" by virtue of the relevant provisions of the Companies Act and needs compulsory listing.

In the StockGuru case, convertible preference shares were offered and issued to more than 49 persons and therefore it qualifies as a public offer, Sebi said, while adding that 'specified securities' were offered to public without complying with the applicable provisions of Sebi Regulations and Companies Act.

The regulator also said that it was a settled position, in view of the Supreme Court order in Sahara case, that the power to administer proceedings in cases of public issue of shares or debentures lies with Sebi.

Source: Latest News in Hindi

From BT News

Update: Mt. Gox CEO Resigns From Bitcoin Foundation Board

Mark Karpelès, chief executive officer of Mt. Gox, the embattled Toyko-based bitcoin exchange, resigned on Sunday from the board of the Bitcoin Foundation, according to a person familiar with the situation.

The Bitcoin Foundation confirmed in a statement on its website that Mt. Gox had resigned its board seat and thanked Mt. Gox for its efforts in launching the group.

The move comes amid a string of longstanding technical issues that began last summer when Mt. Gox halted customer withdrawals in U.S. dollars.

The problems became more severe earlier this month when Mt. Gox halted all customer withdrawals, saying that a bug in the software for bitcoin allowed some users to alter transactions. The problems prompted CoinDesk to remove Mt. Gox from its bitcoin-pricing index earlier this month. The exchange told customers last week that it was still working on "reinitiating" bitcoin withdrawals.

Mt. Gox is one of several industry representatives on the board of the foundation, a trade organization that advocates for the virtual currency.

Many investors in the bitcoin community had called for the resignation of Mr. Karpelès from the board of the Bitcoin Foundation, including a British-based marketing consultant who has posted an online petition calling for Mr. Karpelès's removal.

A phone call to Mt. Gox's office in Tokyo rang unanswered.

It is the foundation's second high-profile resignation in the past month. Board member Charles Shrem stepped down in late January after being arrested and charged with money laundering in connection with his bitcoin company. Mr. Shrem has pleaded not guilty.

Mt. Gox bitcoins traded at around $191 in midday Monday trading in Tokyo, while the Coindesk index bitcoin traded at around $578.

The "discount at Mt Gox reflects the markets ongoing belief that bankruptcy is a high possibility," said Mark T. Williams, who teaches finance at Boston University in an email on Friday. "They have a considerable customer base that remains prevented from getting their money out," said Mr. Williams, who has expressed skepticism about bitcoin.

Eric Bosma, a 60-year-old part-time health-care worker from Mission, British Columbia, said he has been trading bitcoins for the past six months to try to earn some extra income, but hasn't been able to withdraw his about 5.25 bitcoin in Mt. Gox despite repeated attempts. "I have contacted Mt. Gox many, many times in the past two weeks and all I get is what seems to be bot emails," he said in an email. "All I want is my bitcoin back."

Write to Robin Sidel at robin.sidel@wsj.com

By Robin Sidel

Mark Karpelès, chief executive officer of Mt. Gox, the embattled Toyko-based bitcoin exchange, resigned on Sunday from the board of the Bitcoin Foundation, according to a person familiar with the situation.

The Bitcoin Foundation confirmed in a statement on its website that Mt. Gox had resigned its board seat and thanked Mt. Gox for its efforts in launching the group.

The move comes amid a string of longstanding technical issues that began last summer when Mt. Gox halted customer withdrawals in U.S. dollars.

The problems became more severe earlier this month when Mt. Gox halted all customer withdrawals, saying that a bug in the software for bitcoin allowed some users to alter transactions. The problems prompted CoinDesk to remove Mt. Gox from its bitcoin-pricing index earlier this month. The exchange told customers last week that it was still working on "reinitiating" bitcoin withdrawals.

Mt. Gox is one of several industry representatives on the board of the foundation, a trade organization that advocates for the virtual currency.

Many investors in the bitcoin community had called for the resignation of Mr. Karpelès from the board of the Bitcoin Foundation, including a British-based marketing consultant who has posted an online petition calling for Mr. Karpelès's removal.

A phone call to Mt. Gox's office in Tokyo rang unanswered.

It is the foundation's second high-profile resignation in the past month. Board member Charles Shrem stepped down in late January after being arrested and charged with money laundering in connection with his bitcoin company. Mr. Shrem has pleaded not guilty.

Mt. Gox bitcoins traded at around $191 in midday Monday trading in Tokyo, while the Coindesk index bitcoin traded at around $578.

The "discount at Mt Gox reflects the markets ongoing belief that bankruptcy is a high possibility," said Mark T. Williams, who teaches finance at Boston University in an email on Friday. "They have a considerable customer base that remains prevented from getting their money out," said Mr. Williams, who has expressed skepticism about bitcoin.

Eric Bosma, a 60-year-old part-time health-care worker from Mission, British Columbia, said he has been trading bitcoins for the past six months to try to earn some extra income, but hasn't been able to withdraw his about 5.25 bitcoin in Mt. Gox despite repeated attempts. "I have contacted Mt. Gox many, many times in the past two weeks and all I get is what seems to be bot emails," he said in an email. "All I want is my bitcoin back."

Source: Hindi News

From WSJ News

WhatsApp founder Jan Koum apologises for 'longest, biggest outage in years'

WhatsApp founder Jan Koum has reportedly apologised for the recent four-hours-long outage experienced by all its users.

Days after the high-profile acquisition of the 450 million user strong service by Facebook for an eye popping 19 billion dollars, WhatsApp was marred by a long outage.

Koum acknowledged that it was their longest and biggest outage in years and affected all their users, The Verge reports.

According to the report, the outage was due to a faulty network router, which caused a cascading failure and ended up affecting WhatsApp servers.

Although, Koum didn't elaborate on the source of the router problems, it is speculated that the downtime might not have been related to the new wave of publicity from the Facebook acquisition and the accompanying load on Whatsapp infrastructure.

Kuom further assured that the company was taking new measures with its service provider to protect against future downtime and to make sure it doesn't happen again.

Source: Technology News in Hindi

From DNA News

Samsung Galaxy S5 to be unveiled today

Samsung Electronics will unveil its highly-anticipated Galaxy S5 at the event scheduled at the Mobile World Congress on Monday in Barcelona.

The Galaxy S5 is variously rumoured to have a fingerprint scanner on the home button; a 5.24-inch, full high-definition display; a water and dust-proof case, possibly metallic, and a 16 megapixel camera.

Samsung has already sent out invitations for "Samsung unPacked 5" event on February 24 at the Mobile World Congress in Barcelona, Spain.

The world's biggest smartphone maker is bracing for its weakest mobile annual profit growth in seven years amid fierce competition from Apple Inc and Chinese vendors, and as growth for high-end smartphones eases due to near saturation in many markets.

The launch at the annual industry gathering is set to reflect a new emphasis on costs, marking a departure from the glitzy marketing Samsung has deployed in the past, including the use of actors and a full live orchestra to launch the S4 at New York's Radio City Music Hall last year.

Meanwhile, Samsung has launched Sunday a new smart watch, the Gear 2, after a first version won over few critics, adding new features and ditching Google`s Android in favour of its own operating system.

Besides an array of features including sports tracking software and a heart rate monitor, the Gear 2 marks an important and widely rumoured step towards independence from Android.

The watch, available in two models -- the Gear 2 and the Gear 2 Neo, which has no camera -- will be powered by the Tizen operating system developed by Samsung with various partners to break free of the Android dominance.

With agency inputs

Source: Latest Technology News

From Z news

Microsoft resets Windows Phone to reach lower cost markets

Microsoft Corp is pushing to reach a far wider audience for smartphones running its Windows Phone software by turning to cheaper chipsets and easing restrictions on how phone makers use its software to encourage them to drive down costs.

Nick Parker, Microsoft`s senior vice president for handset makers, said the changes have attracted a range of new handset makers to build Windows Phones, including South Korea`s LG Electronics, India`s Xola and Karbonn, and ZTE , Foxconn, Lenovo, Gionee and Longcheer .

"We are open for business on Windows Phone to anyone who wants to build a Windows phone," Parker said at the Mobile World Congress trade fair on Sunday.

Windows Phones typically sell for several hundred dollars a piece, although Nokia`s Lumia 520 handset has an unsubsidised price of about 139 euros in Europe.

The sub-USD 100 smartphone market, however, is dominated by Google`s Android operating system, which has lower licensing costs, is more adaptable by device makers, and runs on more, and cheaper, chip sets that run radio and other functions.

Android phones from dozens of handset makers accounted for almost four out of every five smartphones sold, or 781.2 million units, last year, according to Strategy Analytics.

Microsoft was a distant third in market share terms, behind Apple , which shipped 153.4 million smartphones.

Some 5.7 million Windows Mobile units were shipped worldwide, Strategy Analytics said. While it gained a more than 10 percent share in some markets, for example Italy, other markets like the United States remained tough, Vice President Joe Belgiore said in Barcelona.

The next major update of the software in coming months would allow it to support less expensive chip sets from its existing supplier, Qualcomm Inc .

Some of the Windows Phone standards would also be eased, he said. Microsoft had previously kept a tight grip on hardware specifications, for example insisting on three physical buttons, to create a uniform Windows Phone user experience, regardless of handset maker.

That is no longer a requirement, allowing phone makers to use cheaper soft keys and adapt designs used for Android phones.

Belgiore said Microsoft was investing in improvements that would help handset makers get Windows Phone on devices at "lower costs in terms of manufacturing, licensing and those sorts of things".

For example, in a bid to reach immigrant workers looking to cheaply call home, Microsoft is including support for dual SIM cards, allowing users to switch phone tariffs to make cheaper local or international calls.

The lion`s share of Windows Phones, more than 90 percent last year according to AdDuplex, are made by Nokia. Microsoft is just about to close a deal to buy Nokia`s handset business for USD 7.2 billion. HTC, Huawei and Samsung also make Windows Mobile devices.

"We will continue to have those iconic devices from our deep partners, but also we`ll see an emergence of a lot more of what we call white label phones, maybe operators` phone themselves, retailers` phones," Parker said.

Microsoft also said on Sunday it would update its Windows 8.1 operating system, which runs on PCs and tablets, in the coming months after research found traditional keyboard users were less satisfied with the software than previous versions of Windows.

"We love touch, but we think we could improve the situation for all those keyboard users," Belgiore said.

Source: Tech News in Hindi

From Z news